Author, Dr Ruth Mc Manus

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Originally published in St Patrick's College Drumcondra, a History, edited by James Kelly (Four Courts Press, 2009) as chapter 2, pages 41 to 66.

Permission to use kindly granted by

Dr Ruth McManus,  FHEA.

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Associate Professor | School of History & Geography | Dublin City University.

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Ollamh Comhlach | Scoil na Staire agus Tíreolaíochta | Ollscoil Baile Átha Cliath.

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Associate Dean for Teaching and Learning | Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

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Déan Comhlach um Theagasc agus Fhoghlaim | Dámh na nDaonnachtaí agus nEolaíochtaí Sóisialta.

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